- Paul Pierre Broca (1824-1880)
- Eduard Hitzig (1836-1907)
- David Ferrier (1843-1928)
- Carl Wernicke (1848-1905)
- Gustav Theodor Fritsch (1838-1927)
- Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)
- Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975)
- Roman Jakobson (1896-1982)
- Warren McCulloch (1898-1969) & Walter Pitts (1923-1969)
- Noam Chomky (1928)
- Marta Kutas (1942)
- Steven Hillyard
- David Courtnay Marr (1945-1980)
- José Luiz Fiorin (1947)
- Hans Uszkoreit (1950)
- Carlos Alberto Faraco (1950)
- Mario Eduardo Toscano Martelotta (1958-2011)
- Aniela Improta França (1968)
- Suzana Herculano-Houzel (1972)